Sources on the sex binary

As promised, here is a list of sources I used to research my previous article :

Is Sex binary ? A Reasoned objection to Rationality Rules in the pursuit of truth

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1. First, this article from Luana S. Maroja and Jerry A. Coyne that I already referenced. It is a bit lengthy but packed with information and other resources, I cannot recommend it enough.

   1. skepticalinquirer.org | The Ideological Subversion of Biology, Jerry A. Coyne and Luana S. Maroja

   2. YouTube | Center for Inquiry, The Ideological Subversion of Biology with Jerry Coyne and Luana Maroja . A video on the Center for Inquiry featuring both of them talking about the article.

   3. YouTube | Peter Boghossian, Trans Ideology vs. Biology | Peter Boghossian & Luana S. Maroja. Luana Maroja in conversation with Peter Boghossian

2. YouTube | The Science (and Pseudoscience) of Gender | Peter Boghossian & Colin Wright. Just as I was finishing writing the article, Peter Boghossian and Colin Wright had a conversation about this exact topic, they discuss some clips from those recent Rationality Rules videos.

3. Non-binary people expressing what binary and non-binary means to them. Those were helpful in understand that they think defining sex as "binary" entails that you have to fit into one or the other gender stereotype.

   1. YouTube | My Kid Is Gay, Defining the "Gender Binary"

   2. YouTube | Tinder, 5 Non-Binary People Explain What “Non-Binary” Means To Them

4. A debate from the Heterodorx Podcast between Alice Dreger and Colin Wright on "Biological sex".

   1. The video version : YouTube | Biological sex: real, immutable, and binary? With Colin Wright and Alice Dreger

   2. The audio version only : heterodorx.com | Episode 86: Alice Dreger vs. Colin Wright

5. Nature article defending sex as a spectrum and gender self-identification by Claire Ainsworth. nature.com | Sex redefined, Claire Ainsworth

6. Gender identity and cultural construct on helpfulprofessor.com.

   1. 81 Types of Genders & Gender Identities (A to Z List), Chris Drew

   2. Cultural Constructs: 27 Examples & Clear Definition

7. Reality’s Last Stand publications by Colin Wright.

   1. Sex Chromosome Variants Are Not Their Own Unique Sexes

   2. Don’t Take Pride in Promoting Pseudoscience

   3. Sex Is Not a Spectrum

   4. Avoid the ‘Intersex Trap’

   5. A Biologist Explains Why Sex Is Binary, In an effort to confuse the issue, gender ideologues cite rare ambiguous ‘intersex’ cases.

   6. Intersex Is Not as Common as Red Hair

8. The Paradox Institute, materials about biological and psychological differences between males and females.

   1. website : theparadoxinstitute.com

      1. Is Sex Bimodal?

      2. Defining vs Determining Sex

      3. Origins of Two Sexes

   2. Youtube channel :

      1. Is Sex Bimodal?

      2. Defining Sex vs Determining Sex

      3. Why Sex Matters

      4. Biology of DSDs: Introduction

      5. Biology of DSDs (5) Complete Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome

9. Scientific publications about measured differences between men and women.

   1. Archer, J. (2019), The reality and evolutionary significance of human psychological sex differences. Biol Rev, 94: 1381-1415. https://doi.org/10.1111/brv.12507

   2. Miller, A.E.J., MacDougall, J.D., Tarnopolsky, M.A. et al. Gender differences in strength and muscle fiber characteristics. Europ. J. Appl. Physiol. 66, 254–262 (1993). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00235103

   3. Jones MD, Wewege MA, Hackett DA, Keogh JWL, Hagstrom AD. Sex Differences in Adaptations in Muscle Strength and Size Following Resistance Training in Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Sports Med. 2021 Mar;51(3):503-517. doi: 10.1007/s40279-020-01388-4. PMID: 33332016.
      

   4. Thibault V, Guillaume M, Berthelot G, Helou NE, Schaal K, Quinquis L, Nassif H, Tafflet M, Escolano S, Hermine O, Toussaint JF. Women and Men in Sport Performance: The Gender Gap has not Evolved since 1983. J Sports Sci Med. 2010 Jun 1;9(2):214-23. PMID: 24149688; PMCID: PMC3761733.
      

10. Scientific publications on Sex determination and Complete Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome.

    1. Gilbert SF. Developmental Biology. 6th edition. Sunderland (MA): Sinauer Associates; 2000. Chromosomal Sex Determination in Mammals. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK9967/

    2. Jussi Lehtonen, Geoff A. Parker, Gamete competition, gamete limitation, and the evolution of the two sexes, Molecular Human Reproduction, Volume 20, Issue 12, December 2014, Pages 1161–1168, https://doi.org/10.1093/molehr/gau068
       

    3. Complete Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome—A Review Oakes, Meghan B. et al. Journal of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology, Volume 21, Issue 6, 305 - 310
       

11. Richard Dawkins on Youtube talking about Sex and transgender ideology.

    1. Peter Boghossian & Richard Dawkins

    2. The Poetry of Reality with Richard Dawkins, "Trans: When Ideology Meets Reality" - My conversation with Helen Joyce

    3. Triggernometry, Richard Dawkins: God, Truth & Death

12. swiftpress.com | Cynical Theories, a book from helen Pluckrose and james Lindsey. They did the work of going through the literature of such things as Judith Butlers' Gender Trouble ( routledge.com | Gender Trouble ) to explain what it all means in a (somewhat) concise way.

13. Theodosius Dobzhansky; Nothing in Biology Makes Sense except in the Light of Evolution. The American Biology Teacher 1 March 1973; 35 (3): 125–129. doi: https://doi.org/10.2307/4444260